ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of ganoderma lucidum spores (GLS) on mitochondrial calcium ion and cytochrome C in the epididymal cells of type 2 diabetes rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty adolescent rats were randomly divided into a model group (n=20), a GLS group (n=20) and a control group (n=10). The animals of the former two groups were injected with 2% STZ via vena caudalis for one time to induce type 2 diabetes. Then the model group was given high-fat-sugar diet, the GLS group high-fat-sugar diet + GLS (250 mg/kg x d), and the control group normal diet + CA-citrate sodium buffer. The bilateral epididymides were obtained 10 weeks later and the contents of mitochondrial calcium and cytochrome C detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Type 2 diabetes models were successfully constructed. The content of mitochondrial calcium in the epididymal cells was significantly higher in the model group ([3.279 +/- 0.502] mg/L) than in the control group ([2.606 +/- 0.048] mg/L, P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the GLS group ([2.693 +/- 0. 196] mg/L) and the control (P > 0.05). In the model group, the content of mitochondrial cytochrome C ([3.213 +/- 1.511] micromol/L) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) while that of cytoplasm cytochrome C ([2.484 +/- 0.661] micromol/L) significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the control ([5.688 +/- 1.679] micromol/L and [1.574 +/- 0.329] micromol/L, respectively). In the GLS group, the content of mitochondrial cytochrome C ([5.258 +/- 1.560] micromol/L) was higher, with no significant difference (P > 0.05), and that of cytoplasm cytochrome C ([1.727 +/- 0.396] micromol/L) significantly lower than in the model group (P < 0.05), but the difference between the GLS and the control group was not significant (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis and damage to mitochondria, there might be excessive apoptosis in the epididymal cells of type 2 diabetes rats. Ganoderma lucidum spores could protect epididymal cells and counteract their apoptosis in diabetic condition.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Calcium , Metabolism , Cytochromes c , Metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Therapeutics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Therapeutics , Epididymis , Cell Biology , Pathology , Mitochondria , Chemistry , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reishi , Physiology , Spores, FungalABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Ganoderma lucidum spores on Cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and mitochondrial calcium in the testis of NIDDM rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: model, ganoderma and normal control, the first two groups injected with 2% STZ through vena caudalis, and the last one with half-and-half sodium citrate/citrate buffer solution. Two weeks after normal diet, glucose tolerance tests were performed and the rats with abnormal glucose tolerance from the model and ganoderma groups received high-fat and high-carbohydrate food, the ganoderma group given Ganoderma lucidum spores (250mg/[ kg x d] ) in addition, both for 10 weeks. Glucose tolerance tests were repeated 1 day before the end of the experiment and the rats were castrated and relevant indexes measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The NIDDM model was successfully constructed. In the model group, the levels of mitochondrial Cyt-C and mitochondrial calcium were significantly lower (P <0. 05) while that of the plasma Cyt-C was significantly higher than in the ganoderma and the control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cyt-C and calcium ion are involved in the damage of the testis. Ganoderma lucidum spores can protect the testis of NIDDM rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Calcium , Metabolism , Cytochromes c , Metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Drug Therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Drug Therapy , Mitochondria , Metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reishi , Testis , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate variant genotyping of CCR2-64I, SDF1-3'A and CCR5Delta32 in HIV-1 infected Chinese Long-term nonprogressors and to study their association with disease progression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genotypes of CCR2-64I, SDF1-3'A and CCR5Delta32 were detected by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) assay in seventeen HIV-1 infected Chinese Long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) and thirty-nine Chinese typical progressors (TPs).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A in LTNPs are 50% and 62.5%, higher than those (23.08% and 33.33%) in TPs. Only one heterozygous CCR5 mutant was detected in LTNPs, and no CCR5 mutant in TPs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Variant genotyping of CCR2-64ISDF1-3'A and CCR5Delta32 may be protective factors for delaying disease progression in HIV-1 infected Chinese LTNPs.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Chemokine CXCL12 , Genetics , China , Gene Frequency , Genotype , HIV Infections , Genetics , Pathology , Virology , HIV Long-Term Survivors , HIV-1 , Physiology , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Mutation , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Receptors, CCR2 , Genetics , Receptors, CCR5 , Genetics , Receptors, HIV , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the relative resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 + T lymphocytes in HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (ESNs) in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV primary isolates were obtained from peripheral whole blood of HIV-infected persons. CD4 + T lymphocytes of Chinese ESNs were separated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with magnetic cell sorting (MACS). The purified CD4 + T lymphocytes were cocultured with HIV primary isolates. The p24 level was detected and the culture medium was refreshed every 3 days within 2 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For M tropic HIV strains, p24 level was significantly lower in ESN group than in control group (P < 0.05); for some M tropic HIV strains, even no p24 replicated in ESN group. However, T tropic virus strains had no significant difference between these two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD4 + T lymphocytes of Chinese ESNs may possess relative resistance to M tropic HIV strains, which may be one of the main influencing factors that result in ESN.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , China , HIV , Classification , Virulence , HIV Infections , Virology , HIV Seronegativity , Allergy and Immunology , In Vitro Techniques , Sexual PartnersABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the effects of varicocele (VC) on IL-1 and NO levels in testes of rats with VC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly, VC group (n = 30) and pseudo-operation group (n = 20), and the levels of IL-1 and NO in the testes were determined and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of IL-1 and No of left tests in VC group were higher than those in pseudo-operation group, respectively(P < 0.01). While the levels of IL-1 and NO of right testes between two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). More over, the level of IL-1 correlated significantly with that of NO(r = 0.572, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results revealed that the changes of IL-1 and NO levels in the testes of rats with VC might be the reason which caused testes damage, disturbance of spermatogenesis and even infertility.</p>